Niacin extended-release (Niaspan) is a prescription medication that has been licensed to treat high cholesterol, high triglycerides, and atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries), among other conditions. It can reduce total cholesterol and "bad cholesterol," as well as raise "good cholesterol." Niacin extended-release should be used in combination with a regimen of exercise, weight loss, limited alcohol use, and a diet low in cholesterol and saturated fats. Possible side effects of this medication include headache, heartburn, and flushing of the face and neck.

• Lowering cholesterol levels in patients with hypercholesterolemia (high cholesterol). Niacin extended-release can reduce total cholesterol, LDL (bad cholesterol), apo B (a component of cholesterol that is related to several heart disease risk factors), and VLDL (very low density lipoprotein cholesterol). Niacin extended-release also raises HDL (good cholesterol).
   
• Lowering triglycerides in patients with hypertriglyceridemia (high triglyceride levels). Very high triglyceride levels in the body increase the risk of developing a condition known as pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas).
   
• Lowering triglycerides or cholesterol levels in patients who are already taking another cholesterol medication, such as statins or bile acid sequestrants (e.g., cholestyramine, colestipol, colesevelam).
   
• Decreasing the chances of another heart attack in patients who have a history of both a heart attack and high cholesterol.
   
• When combined with a bile acid sequestrant, slowing the progression of atherosclerosis (narrowing or hardening of the arteries) in patients with a history of coronary artery disease (CAD) and high cholesterol.